Dressage 盛装舞步【原文翻譯】

In between these two extremes we have, perhaps, the more normal mode of transport; that of the car traveling along the motorway. Even this, though, can be compared to our training curve, for when you hit a traffic jam on the motorway, the equivalent of hitting stumbling blocks and down points in the training process, do not be tempted to take the first exit off and find the short cut across country lanes.

在两种极端之间，我们可能还有一种更平常的交通方式。那就是开车走高速公路。即使这样，和我们学习骑马的过程也有相似之处。因为当你在高速公路上遇到交通堵塞时，正和我们在学习骑马训练过程中遇到阻碍和低潮一样，不要在第一个路口就下高速公路，去找乡村小路，走捷径。

We have all tried this at some point or other and are still tempted to do it, but how many times does really work? Very seldom. All it seems to do for me is to add extra time to the journey. So beware of short cuts in your training unless you really know where you are going.

我们都不止一次试图这样做，但是成功的几率有多少呢？非常小。对我来说这样做反而使旅行耗时更长。所以在训练中对于走捷径要谨慎，除非你真的知道了解自己的水平。

Younger horses, three and four years old, are, of course, cheaper in price. However, they should only be ridden by bold and brave riders who are confident and experienced enough to handle a young horse’s freshness and vigor when he squeals and bucks, as any young horse worth his salt will, and to ride forward in a positive and relaxed way.

三四岁年轻的马匹在价格上当然要便宜一些。然而，骑乘他们的骑手应该勇敢无畏，有足够的自信和经验来控制年轻马匹的稚嫩和活力。当他嘶叫和反抗时，和其它年轻马匹一样，骑手要能以积极和轻松的方式前进。

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-2-4 19:34:22编辑过]

I would not recommend young horses to people who have limited facilities on the grounds that you need at least an enclosed area, if not an indoor and outdoor school, in which to back a young horse; one also often needs the help of a lead horse or encourage the horse go forward on rides throughout the countryside.

我不会将年轻的马匹推荐给设备有限的人。因为你如果没有一个室内或室外训练场，也至少需要一个固定场地，来管教马匹；同时也要借助于一匹牵引马或者要鼓励马匹不断地在乡间进行各种骑乘训练。 

Does the horse handle well?

马匹掌控的好坏

The question of assessing how nice the horse is to handle, in the stable and horse box at a show, is of particular concern to the professional rider’s groom as well as to the amateur. The professional rider is unlikely to be as well-acquainted with his horse as the rider who has no extra help on hand to help with grooming and cleaning and that all important personal contact.

评估马匹在马场和秀场掌控的好坏问题对于职业骑手的马夫和业余骑手都非常重要。对于身边没有帮手来照顾洗刷马匹、与马亲自接触的骑手，他们比职业骑手更加熟悉自己的马匹。

For the professional rider whose groom is an intermediary between himself and his mount, a grumpy horse in the stable is of little concern. For the amateur, it can be more of a problem; if horse and rider have already fallen out, before the training session has even begun, it would hardly be surprising if they got off a poor start!

对于职业骑手，马夫是他和马匹之间的中间人，即便有一匹脾气暴躁的马匹在马场里也不是什么问题。但是对于业余骑手来说，可能会麻烦得多；如果骑手和马匹在开始训练之前就产生了矛盾，那么他们的训练开始会非常糟糕，这没有什么好奇怪的。

Likewise, a horse that is difficult to load on its own can be a great cause of frustration: the professional rider generally has helpers and other horses to encourage maximum safety in this area.

同样，`难以控制的马匹会给人带来很大的挫败感。职业骑手一般情况下都有各种帮手和其他的马匹，以来最大限度的保证安全。

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-2-4 19:35:49编辑过]

Stallion, mare or gelding?

公马，母马或阉马？

The fashion for amateur riders to won a stallion goes in waves. Having had, and competed internationally with many stallions myself, I am only too aware of the pros and cons. An alert, shiny-coated, muscle-rippling stallion makes a stunning and eye-catching picture. However, a stallion’s concentration can very easily be made to wander and you can suddenly realize that you have only 30 percent of the horse’s attention, especially in the breeding season.

业余骑手挑选公马的风潮越来越盛行。对于曾经拥有过公马，并和许多公马参加过国际大赛的我来说，我非常清楚其中的优劣。一匹机灵、毛皮闪闪发亮、肌肉弹性有力的公马总是会让人吃惊，成为众人的焦点。然而，公马很容易走神，您会突然发现你只掌握了它30%的注意力，尤其是在繁殖的季节。

I have also seen some very nasty accidents with inexperienced handler. A loose stallion galloping around the showground can be extremely dangerous. On the plus side, they can be extremely sensitive and very quick to train but are also, undoubtedly, more mentally complex. The well-muscled neck may look attractive, but in some breeding stallions it becomes so thick and heavy that it does little to help the horse’s balance or suppleness.

我也看过一些经验不足的骑手遇到非常恼人的意外情况。一匹围着场地快跑的松散的公马可能会非常危险。在边侧场地上，他们会极端敏感，训练会非常快，但毫无疑问，马匹精神上也会非常复杂。马匹肌肉饱满的脖子看起来非常诱人，但是一些正处于繁殖期的公马脖子会变得厚实沉重，非常不利于马匹的平衡或灵活。

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-2-4 19:37:22编辑过]

谢谢ELLAHUANG

繼續學習

谢谢ELLA 受益

谢谢，很看到这么好的文章，真是高兴，支持、支持！！！

期待！

Having said that, I think there is a great danger of generalizing. We must judge all horses as individuals, and I put forward these guidelines only to enlighten those with no previous experience in handling stallions. People often ask me if I have a preference between mares and geldings. This is, again, where one has to judge the individual. I can give many examples of temperamental geldings and level-headed mares to counteract the fallacy of the hot-headed chestnut mare syndrome.

虽然说了这些，但是要概括起来还有很大的风险。我们必须具体问题具体分析，我所提到的这些指导只是针对于那些没有任何控制公马经验的骑手。经常有人问我，我自己会选择母马或阉马？这一问题也须具体分析。我可以举出许多喜怒无常的阉马的例子，还可以举出头脑冷静的母马的例子来反驳栗色母马性情暴躁综合症的谬论。

There are undoubtedly some mares which, when they come in season, have a very difficult time, physically as well as mentally, and when it comes to organizing competitions, this is not easy to plan around. But there have also been some brilliant competition mares and would be a lot more if only people would give them a chance.

毫无疑问，一些母马在固定的季节里会在生理上和心理上度过一段非常困难的时期，这个时候如果要组织比赛，也不易安排。但是也有一些非常聪明的母马能够表现地比期望好的多，只要人们给她们一次机会。

One has to be honest about one’s own style of riding. If you are an authoritative, motivating type of rider, you may have the dash and expertise to encourage a rather lazy or even ungenerous horse around to your way of thinking. On the other hand, the quieter, more gentle type of rider may well be suited to a slightly hotter, more sensitive type of horse. It is all a question of achieving the right combination between type of rider and type of horse.

一个人要对自己的骑乘风格了如指掌。如果你是这方面的权威，属于激励型，你有这个气派和实力来激励一匹懒惰甚至心胸狭窄的马匹，让他顺着你的思路走。另一方面，如果你属于安静温柔型骑手，你会觉得一匹性情稍微热烈，敏感的马匹更适合你。骑手的风格和马匹风格的正确结合是非常重要的。

It is vital that the horse is the right size for the rider. I don’t mean just in terms of height, but in terms of bulk and size of body, which is perhaps even more important. We have all seen small, short-legged people struggling on heave-topped, strong warm bloods. It is not impossible for this combination to be a success but it is certainly a great deal more difficult.

马匹类型要符合骑手，这一点非常关键。我不仅仅指高度，还指马匹体形的大小，这一点恐怕更加重要。我们都见过矮小，腿比较短的骑手艰难地驾御强壮高大的温血马的情景。这一组合并不是没有成功的可能，只是困难要大的多。

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-3-12 19:10:19编辑过]

不好意思，让大家久等了。呵呵

The right type and advice 正确的马匹类型和建议 

The modern-day dressage horse is definitely of the lighter type, with more thoroughbred breeding within its pedigree. This allows it to dance through the gymnastic exercises of the Grand Prix test. Horses with very big gaits, with slow-moving hind legs, may have a lovely set rhythm but it can be much more difficult to collect and transfer the weight back on the hind legs. Such horses may not have quick enough reactions and the dexterity to negotiate with success an International Grand Prix test; they may, however, be useful small tour Prix St.George or Intermediate I horses.

现代的盛装舞步马匹大多属于轻巧型，具备其自身家族谱系的纯种血统。这一特点使马匹能够在大奖赛级别的热身练习中灵活自如。步伐跨度很大，后退移动缓慢的马匹可能有着非常可爱的节奏感，但是对这样的马匹而言，将重量集中并转移到后退要困难的多。这样的马匹由于不够灵活敏捷，很难取得国际大奖赛的成功，但是他们完全可以胜任圣乔治级别或第一中级的比赛。 

If you are not very strong, you should be aware of buying heavy-topped horses which can become too strong, easily fall on to their forehand and have neck and body muscles which can become very solid and bulky. These muscles should be of the right tone. Imagine a human weight-lifter or nightclub bouncer. Whilst they may be very powerful and strong, it would be inappropriate for them to take part in a sport such as gymnastics, where they are expected to dance through floor exercises or perform delicate backward somersaults on the bar with grace and ease.

如果你不是非常强壮，你应该要意识到，如果购买一匹头部健壮的马匹，他会变的过于强壮，很容易倚靠前腿，使得颈部和身体的肌肉变得又坚硬又笨重。而这些部位的肌肉应该恰到好处才行。想象一下一位举重运动员或夜总会保镖。虽然他们力气很大，非常强壮，但是对于他们来说，参加体操这样的运动恐怕不太合适，因为他们要做像舞蹈一样的练习，或者演示非常轻巧的后滚翻，同时保持优雅，显得轻而一举。

It can therefore be seen that there are many factors to take into account when choosing and buying a horse. I would always recommend that you pay our dressage trainer to give a professional assessment as to the suitability of any proposed purchase.

因此，我们可以看到，在挑选和购买一匹马的时候，有许多需要考虑的因素。我一直都建议您在购买马匹的时候，可以花钱请一位盛装舞步的教练对马匹进行一次专业的评估，以来检测一下马匹的合适程度。

This is, of course, relatively easy if you are buying horses in your own country but gets more complicated and expensive with traveling costs if you are buying abroad. However, any attempt to save on a professional opinion as to a horse’s suitability is, I think, as much a false economy as it would be to avoid having a surveyor check your house before you sign the contract.

当然，如果您在自己的国家购买马匹，这相对来说要容易。但是如果您从国外购买马匹，这就要麻烦的多，而且运费惊人。尽管如此，任何想试图节省专业人士对马匹进行评估所花费用的人都会后悔，因为他们失去了一个在签合同前对马匹进行检查的机会。

Buying privately has, of course, many advantages, the most obvious being that the horse can be tried at least two or three times, often in different situations. It is possible to research the horse’s record and form through the National Federation and you can send your own vet to examine the horse in his own time.

 

个体购买马匹有许多优点。最明显的就是马匹通常可以在不同的环境下试骑两到三次，可以通过国家马协了解马匹的记录。你也可以派自己的兽医去检查马匹。

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-3-14 15:17:45编辑过]

谢谢Ella

   加油再接再厉   一直等着呢

呵呵，多谢支持！！

With breed societies throughout the world producing more and better quality dressage horse young stock, auctions are now increasing. An advantage of auction sales is that they cut down on the amount of traveling you have to do to look at horses as you may be able to see 30 or 40 good-quality horses all in one place.

随着世界各地各个马匹繁育协会生产出越来越多品种优良的盛装舞步年轻马匹，拍卖会也日渐盛行。在拍卖会上买马的一个好处就是你可以在一个地方看到30或40匹优良的马匹，从而可以节省到各地旅行看马的费用。

The established, reputable auctions have thorough vetting and warranty procedures. Trail facilities are generally good and there is usually much information put forward as to the horses’ pedigrees. The breed societies’ own auctions, especially in Europe, are an education in their own right.

历史悠久名气大的拍卖会都有完整的兽医检查和认证程序。场地设备良好，也会提供很多关于马匹谱系的信息。马匹繁育协会下属的拍卖会是相当于自身权利所有的组织,尤其是在欧洲.

When it comes to price, people often ask what a particular horse is worth and I have to say that it depends on what it is worth to you. Market forces determine horse prices as they do any other item. If two or more people want the same horse, and they have enough money available, then the price will naturally go up. It is as simple as that.

谈及价格，人们通常会问一匹马值多少钱，我只能说这要看你觉得这匹马值多少。市场情况决定马匹的价格，正如市场决定其它的事物一样。如果两三个人同时都想要这一匹马，他们也有足够的钱，价格自然会抬高。就是这么简单。

I have attended many auctions and I am always intrigued as to the degree to which the excitement and spontaneity of the event encourages people to spend their money. Think how often even a professional auctioneer’s opinion as to the guide price differs from the one for which the horse, antique, painting or whatever is eventually sold. Many of the world’s greatest dressage horses started their career being sold through a breed society auction.

我参加过许多拍卖会，我也经常受到现场热烈场面的诱惑，因为拍卖会总是鼓励人们花钱买马。经常情况下，即使一位职业拍卖师建议的价格与马匹、古董、油画或其它物品的最终售价都有很大的差距。许多世界最顶级的盛装舞步马匹都是在拍卖会上售出开始他们的事业。

If buying from a country other than your own, you must take into account currency exchange rates, transport and quarantine costs, if applicable, and the sale and warranty laws under which the horse is being sold. Your veterinary surgeon will give you advice as to the method and procedure for examining the horse for health and soundness.

如果不是在自己的国家买马，你必须考虑一下货币换算率、交通和检疫费用，如果合适，还要考虑一下所买马匹的认证相关法律。你的兽医会给出建议告诉你检查马匹健康的方法和步骤。

If you intend to insure your horse, you should consult your insurance company for their vetting requirements before you make your purchase. Some insurance companies will only accept their own veterinary advisers and it would be wise to find this out beforehand.

如果想给马买保险，你应该在购买保险之前咨询一下你的保险公司询问马匹检验要求。有些保险公司只会接受他们自己兽医顾问的建议，所以事先找出他们的建议比较明智。

Transporting your horse from other countries is not really a problem these days as the world wide transporting horses by air from continent to content is a regular occurrence and generally causes little stress or after-effect. Horses traveling long distances by road should do so only in well-ventilated and safe transporters and be rested and offered refreshment every four or five hours. Always seek advice form the most reputable transport agent.

将马匹从其它国家运输来不是个大问题，因为可以将马匹从一个大陆空运至另一个大陆，几乎不会有什么压力或不良反应。如果要用陆地运输马匹, 必须用通风良好的车辆，安全的运输人员，并每四或五个小时休息一次，给马喂食。

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-3-20 16:33:50编辑过]

哇!好厉害啊!下次我有也要翻译才行了.

Chapter 3 Management of the Dressage Horse

第三章 盛装舞步马匹的管理

Newcomers to dressage often worry about the general management of dressage horses. How often should I school them? Should I turn them out in the paddock? Is it wrong to jump them? I would like to tell you here how I look after the well-being of my dressagee horses.

盛装舞步初学者经常会担心马匹的日常管理问题. 我该多久调教一次马匹呢? 我应该把他们放在户外牧场吗? 让他们跳障碍是不是错误的? 我很愿意告诉大家我是如何照看盛装舞步马匹的.

We school the horses three to four times a week, depending on their age, state of maturity and phase of training. Taking into account the peaks and troughs of the learning curve, it is sometimes better to school a horse four times a week for short periods, if it is going through a particular phase, in order to secure comprehension: while at other times it is better to leave off and only school him tow or three times.

根据马匹的年龄, 成熟度和训练阶段, 我们每周训练马匹三到四次. 考虑到学习曲线上的高潮和低谷, 如果在一段特殊时期, 为了保证安全, 短期内每周训练马匹四次更好. 其它时间每周训练二到三次为好.

There is no fixed rule on this and it can only be a guideline. Like any other form of education, one needs to be flexible and open-minded enough to experiment with what ever suits the individual horse.

在这一点上没有固定规则, 我的意见仅供参考. 就像任何形式的教育一样, 一个人需要足够灵活开通, 来体验最适合马匹的方式.

Bringing variety to your schooling 训练形式多样化

We are lucky enough to have two schooling surfaces. One is outdoors and one indoors. The indoor school is open on the sheltered side, which not only allows in sunshine but prevents the horses from felling claustrophobic. It also means that they become accustomed to dogs running around and to the general hurly burly of life.

我们真的很幸运有两个训练场地. 一个室外场地一个室内场地. 室内场地设在有阴庇的一边, 不仅采光良好，而且防止马匹感到闭塞恐怖. 还会让马匹逐渐适应狗跑来跑去, 和生活中的喧闹. 

It is unwise to limit the training of your horse solely to the indoor school. Enclosed on all four walls, it can come as a very nasty shock when the horse is introduced to the busy showground. We pay great attention to the surface of the school which, in general, I prefer to be not too deep and slightly on the firm side. This is better for the horses’ joints and also means that when you go to competitions and have to compete on hard-going surfaces, they won’t find them too different.

仅在室内场地训练马匹是不明智的. 四面围墙, 当马匹进入热闹的障碍场地时, 会受到严重的惊吓. 我们也非常注意训练场地的地面, 一般情况下, 我们更愿意地面不要太深,  稍微硬实点. 这对马匹的关节更有好处, 而且，当你去参加比赛，场地坚硬的话，马匹也不会觉得太艰难. 

Surfaces contaning a high proportion of rubber can give the rider a very false, yet comfortable feeling. It can make your horse feel athletic even when he is not. Training every day on surfaces such as these means horses can be rather fussy when faced with the wide variety of competition surfaces.

含有高比例橡胶的场地会给骑手一个非常错误，但是舒坦的感觉. 这样即使马匹不在状态, 也会让他感到动感十足.  如果每天在这样的场地上训练, 马匹在面对各种不同的比赛场地时, 会非常烦躁不安.

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-4-16 23:15:14编辑过]

終於又看到Ella

On days when the horses are not being schooled they go out hacking, at least one day a week. This is not noly important for their general fitness and healthy constitution, but it also helps with their mental attitude. They need to become accustomed to the sights and sounds of the outside world and although the young horses always go out in company with the older horses, they must learn to be brave enough to go out on their own.

在马匹没有训练的日子, 要带他们去 hacking, 至少每周一次. 这不仅有益于他们的身体健康, 还有助于他们的精神态度。他们需要熟悉外界的各种景象和声音. 虽然年轻的马匹一向都是跟年长的马匹一起外出，他们也必须足够勇敢学会单独外出.

Whilst they are out hacking they are made to walk out in a very purposeful way. There is nothing worse than horses being allowed to slop along lazily when being exercised. Having said that, I do not ask my riders to exercise their horsesss on the bit although I don’t particularly want their heads stuck up in the air, which can encourage a hollowing in the back. There is a balance to be struck in as much as it is the horses’ day off and I like them to be allowed complete freedom of their heads and necks. With at least 95 percent of their schooling ensuring that they work in a rounded outline way, there is no problem with correct muscle development.

虽然他们在户外hacking, 这也是非常有目的性的. 没有什么比让马匹在锻炼时懒散地行走更糟的了. 话虽这么说，我也不是要我的骑手勒着缰绳锻炼马匹, 我非常不喜欢马的头部翘在空中, 这会让马背形成一个凹部. 我们需要掌握一种平衡, 好像马匹正在放假一样. 我喜欢他们的头部和颈部完全放松. 如果至少95%的训练能够做到全面概要, 正确发展马匹肌肉当然没有问题 

Alternatively, if appropriate, there is nothing wrong with the inclusion of a bit of schooling whilst out on your hack. From a psychological point of view this can be most advantageous. For example, when you turn for home and the horse is thinking and moving actively forward, it may be quite a good time to revise a particular exercise. Perhaps some leg yielding, movingforwards and sideways, could be tried, or even a bit of piaffe or passage introduced, or , if you are on good going, why not work on the horse’s medium trot? However, this has its obvious dangers if you are restricted to busy roads and is therefore only recommended in an “off-road” situation.

 

可以考虑一下, 如果合适, 在户外时, 稍微训练一下也没有什么大碍. 从心理角度上讲, 这是最为有益的. 例如，当你往回骑行的时候，马匹正在思考, 积极向前奔跑, 可能这就是给他一个特殊训练的最好时机. 可以试试leg yielding, moving forwards 和 sideways,甚至接触一下正步也可以. 如果一切顺利，为什么不试试medium trot? 尽管如此, 如果你只能在繁忙的路上骑行, 训练显然是很危险的. 所以, 建议您在僻静的地方训练.

We also believe that basic gymnastic jumping training is good for every horse and especially for the young horses. One needs good sound knowledge of correct distances and construction of fences. The fences need not to be high, but the knowledge of a good jumping technique complements the work on the flat. It does add variety, but like all training exercises, it depends how well it is done.

我们同样也认为基础的障碍训练对每匹马都是有好处的，尤其是对年轻马匹. 但是骑手需要掌握栏杆之间合适距离和栏杆搭建的正确方法. 障碍不能太高, 但是良好的障碍技巧知识能够对平地骑乘起到补充作用. 障碍练习可以丰富训练, 但是正如所有的训练一样, 还要看效果如何.

 

呵呵, 红字部分不明白．大家多多指点啊．

感谢！

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-4-17 23:24:04编辑过]

有心人,好文章.