马匹的寄生虫控制

前 言
Worming horses is a complex topic and no simple single system suits all horses in all conditions. There is no magic formula to use a particular drug a number of times per year and everything will be OK at your stable. However, once you understand the biology and life cycle of the intestinal parasites, there are a few simple rules start on the right path.
马匹的驱虫是一个复杂的话题，不能将一个简单的驱虫系统用在不同情况下的各种马匹。“每年给马用几次，就能保马匹平安的药”的神奇配方是不存在的。然而，一旦你理解了肠道寄生虫的生理和生命周期，那么有一些简单的规则让将你引向正确的道路。


正 文
Faecal worm egg counts are a good guide to determine if your horse requires worming. These are a standard procedure veterinarians perform which helps us assess an equestrian centres success at keeping worms under control. Initially it is essential to run faecal egg counts on all horses in the stable to find which individuals are struggling to remain parasite free and which ones have a better immune system and can keep worms at bay.
粪便中虫卵的数量是一个确定你的马是否需要驱虫的好方法。兽医们有一个“标准流程”可遵循，这样的流程帮助我们通过“确保寄生虫得到控制”来协助马术中心成功。
首先，最重要的是对马场所有的马匹进行“虫卵粪检”，来找出那些受寄生虫困扰的马，以确保控制寄生虫；同时还需要找出那些免疫系统功能较强能抑制寄生虫的马。

There are four main types of worms that need to be assessed their English and Latin names are:
需要被评估的主要有四种类型的寄生虫，他们的英文和拉丁名字是：
1. Roundworms – Parascari equorum
2. Redworms – Strongylus species and Cyathostome species
3. Tapeworms – Anoplocephala perfoliata
4. Pinworms – Oxyuris equi

驱虫计划
A yearly worming program needs to address all these types of worms correctly. A professional veterinary designed worming program combines appropriate anthelmintic drug use, environmental hygiene control and faecal egg counts. This 3-phase programme is the most cost effective and reduces the chance of drug-resistance to any of the anthelmintics occurring. Drug resistance is a vey serious problem for all horse owners to be aware of and use the anthelmintic drugs with care and precision. There is no point in giving a worming drug to a horse if the drug does not work. Again, a waste of time and money.
一年的驱虫计划，要能正确的对应这四种类型的寄生虫。专业的兽医在设计驱虫计划时，会结合“恰当的驱虫药”，“确保环境卫生”，“粪便卵”。这三项是最具成本效益的（最经济），最能减少对驱虫药产生抗药性的可能。抗药性对所有马主来说是一个很严重的问题，因此要了解并且精确的的使用驱虫药。如果一种驱虫药没有发挥作用，那么即使给马吃也没有意义，这无异于浪费时间和金钱。

There is nothing better for your horse’s general health than an individually tailored feeding and de-worming programme. This is the basis of good horse husbandry and doing one well and ignoring the other is a waste of time.
就马匹健康来说，根据个体“量身定制”饲养和驱虫计划是最好不过的措施了。这是优秀的马匹护理的基础，同时只关注个别马是否好，而忽略别的马也是在浪费时间。

In brief, a basic minimum-standard protocol for worming non pregnant adult horses should include the following.
简言之，对给未怀孕的成年马驱虫的最基本程序是：

Adult Horses:
成年马：
#A faecal worm egg count in the Spring, Summer and Autumn with any horses showing a positive result wormed with Ivermectin.
在春季、夏季、秋季对任何粪便虫卵检呈阳性的马用伊维菌素（Ivermectin）

#A wormer containing Moxidectin, Praziquantel and Oxfendazole is used in the winter. This kills Roundworms, encysted Roundworms, Bots, Tapeworms and Pinworms.
含有莫西克丁（Moxidectin）, 吡喹酮（Praziquantel） 和奥芬达唑（Oxfendazole）的驱虫药是用于冬季的。这种药能杀死蛔虫（Roundworms），被包裹的蛔虫（ Roundworms），Bots, Tapeworms and Pinworms（注：英文是虫的名字）。

# Consider a second dose of Praziquantel and a double dose of Pyrantel in summer to treat tapeworms.
在夏季，针对绦虫（tapeworms）可考虑用第二剂吡喹酮（Praziquantel），和两剂噻吩嘧啶（Pyrantel）

Specific worming programmes for pregnant mares and foals need to be implemented in breeding programmes where the foals will be at risk if the correct procedures are not followed. The worm issues that a horse on free range pasture in Xinjiang, in a stable in warm humid Chongqing or cold dry Beijing are quite different. This is why there is not a “one size fits all” worm control programme and why it is important to understand what types of worms your horse is dealing with.
针对“怀孕母马”和“马驹”的特别的驱虫计划需要落实到具体的繁育计划中，落实到那些如果“如果没遵循正确步骤，马驹就可能面临危险”的环节。在马匹放养在牧场的新疆，马匹圈养在马厩的重庆，又或是干冷的北京所面临的寄生虫问题都是不同的，这也是为何寄生虫控制计划的“万灵配方”是不存在的，这亦是为何“了解你的马存在什么类型的寄生虫”是如此重要。

Finally, a brief overview of the anthelmintic drugs in use today and the species of worms they will kill. This list gets updated from time to time as scientists discover that worms develop resistant to drugs and it becomes necessary to increase the dosage to get the same effect.
最后，以下是：当今可用的驱虫药，以及所能驱除的寄生虫的概览表。这个列表随着时间而不管更新，因为随着科学家发现寄生虫产生成抗药性， 那么增加驱虫药的剂量已使其能发挥功效就非常有必要了。





作者：凯瑟琳 · 戴维斯