母马到底会不会来月经

问：母马到底会不会来月经？
Q：Do horses have menstrual periods？

答：会的，马的月经周期是28天。
A：The average mare is in esterus or heat every 21 days



问：那母马在月经期会不会流血？
Q：Do mares bleed during menstrual cycle?

答：母马在月经期间不会流血的，因为马的月经周期跟人类完全不同。正常情况下，在繁殖季节母马每28天一次月经也就是发情（北半球3-11月；南半球9-5月）马发情期的开始与结束取决于接受日光照射的强度，在马脑里有个叫松果腺（pineal gland）的腺体，它具有感光功能。到了春天白天时间变长，马的生殖系统被光线“唤醒”。随着日晒增强，繁殖季节的高峰出现在夏至（北半球6月21日；南半球12月21日） 母马的发情期在5-7天，最后一天或倒数第二天母马出现排卵。
A：No, mares don't bleed, because they don't have menstrual cycles the way human women do. Mares have ESTERUS cycles, which are fundamentally different. The average mare is in esterus or heat every 28 days or so during the physiological breeding season, which runs from March through about November in the northern hemisphere, and from September through about May in the southern hemisphere. The breeding seasons' start and end is triggered by the amount of daylight the mare is exposed to- all horses have a special gland at the base of their brains called the pineal gland, which is sensitive to light. In the spring, as the days lengthen and the number of hours of light gets longer, that "wakes up" the mare's reproductive system. The reverse is true in the fall- as the days get shorter, things wind down and the reproductive system goes dormant for the winter months. The peak of the breeding season occurs at the time of the summer solstice- which is June 21st in the northern hemisphere, and December 21st in the southern hemisphere.
The average heat period for most mares is between 5-7 days in length, and ovulation or the release of the ovum occurs near the end, on either the second to last or last day.

虽然月经期间马不会流血但马的尿量会大大增加，并会主动靠近公马甚至骟马，把尾巴翘起到一边。
But no, they don't bleed. They will urinate a lot ( this is called "winking" by most horse people) and may do things like cozy up to male horses ( even geldings) with their tails held to one side.





问：母马在月经期间情绪会不会不稳定？？
Q：Do mares be moody during menstrual cycle?

答：在月经期间母马也会变得敏感而又暴躁，有些马也会不吃饭或做一些很反常的事，有的马在月经期间愿意去攻击别人马和人，也有的马在月经发情期会变得难训，这也就是人们会给一些比赛马吃药来延缓发情期的原因。
A： Mares frequently are moody and sensitive during esterus- some of them also will go off their feed or act uncomfortable in other ways at that time. It's also common for mares which are in heat to be rather aggressive towards other people and horses. Some mares are hard to ride or train when they are in heat- this is one of the reasons why competition mares are frequently given drugs to suppress esterus.


▲母马发情期荷尔蒙分泌情况表

问：马的妊娠期是多久呢？马胎儿又是什么样的呢？
Q：How long is the gestation period of a horse? How is the horse like?

答：马的妊娠期为11个月，340天左右。在妊娠早期，胎体是可以移动的，直到第16天胎体开始固定不动；23天左右就可以看见小马的心脏了；35-40天时，小马逐渐发育，胚胎变成了胎儿；真正的胚胎着床发生在第35天，在子宫内膜杯形成后； 胎儿的性别在妊娠期70天左右就可以通过超声波判断出来；妊娠期过半，可小马的大小只有小兔子那么大；胚胎在140天左右发育完全；240天了，别看过了这么长时间，小马仅仅发育了40%，剩下的60%在最后3个月的妊娠中完成。
A：The gestation period lasts for about eleven months, or about 340 days. During the early days of pregnancy, the conceptus is mobile, moving about in the uterus until about day 16 when "fixation" occurs. A heartbeat should be visible by about day 23. After the formation of the endometrial cups and early placentation is initiated (35–40 days of gestation) the terminology changes, and the embryo is referred to as a fetus. True implantation - invasion into the endometrium of any sort - does not occur until about day 35 of pregnancy with the formation of the endometrial cups, and true placentation (formation of the placenta) is not initiated until about day 40-45 and not completed until about 140 days of pregnancy. The fetus sex can be determined by day 70 of the gestation using ultrasound. Halfway through gestation the fetus is the size of between a rabbit and a beagle. The most dramatic fetal development occurs in the last 3 months of pregnancy when 60% of fetal growth occurs.





来源：马语狗说

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