伴随你一生的马术训练六要素——节奏

1.Rhythm 韵律

2.Suppleness 柔软

3.Contact 联系

4.Impulsion 前进气势

5.Straightness 正直

6.Collection 收缩

世界上最好的骑手和调教师会告诉你好的训练是一层一层建立起来的，牢固又坚实。在特定顺序下这个基础由以上6要素组成。

所有这些要素合起来被称做训练准则，也被称为训练金字塔，德国训练准则，或者德国训练系统。如果你把它看做一个韵律在最下，一层层堆起的金字塔或许可以帮助你理解训练准则是如何在你的马匹调教中发挥作用的。



训练准则的这六步，没有一个是可以独立进行的。它们互相结合使用。训练的总体目标是调教出一匹通透的马，一匹在所有动作和转换时没有丝毫抵抗，愿意立即服从骑手辅助的马。准则适用所有的马与所有的马术运动项目，不是只针对马场马术而已。

韵律-规整和速度

第一步就是要建立韵律。韵律是每一步节拍的规整。规整是指正确的落蹄顺序，而节奏是韵律的速度。

在各种不同的步法中，每一步都要跨过相同的距离，每一步持续相同的时间，以保持恒定的节奏。在同一种步法中转换时（伸长、缩短），在转弯与隅角时，以及在直线上，都要保持韵律。如果马失去韵律，那动作就一定不好。失去韵律往往是训练错误的指标。



The best riders and trainers in the world will tell you that good training is that which is built block by block onto a strong, solid base. That base is comprised of the following six elements in that particular order:

Together, these elements make up what is known as The Training Scale—also known as The Training Pyramid, the German Training Scale, or the German Training System. It may help you understand how the Training Scale contributes to your horse’s training if you visualize it as a pyramid, with Rhythm at the base, and every layer built upon the other.

None of the six steps of training scale can be taken in isolation. They must be taken in conjunction with each other. The overall aim of training is to develop a horse that is “through” and a horse that is willing to obey immediately the rider’s aids without the slightest resistance in all exercises, movements and transitions.This applies to all horses, whatever they are used for, and not just dressage horse

Rhythm regularity and tempo

The first step of the training scale that should be established is the rhythm. The rhythm is the regularity of the beat in all paces. The regularity is the correct sequence of the footfall, and, the tempo is the speed of the rhythm.

Steps and strides in each variation of the pace should cover equal distances and also be of equal duration remaining in a consistent temp.The rhythm should also be maintained through the transitions within a pace and in all turns, also in the corners, as well on straight lines. No exercise can be good if the horse is losing the rhythm. A loss of rhythm is often a sign of incorrect training.


来源：申申马术