[中英]初学骑马:立定（Halt）新增内容

How to halt a horse

如何让马立定

 

 

The first thing you need to know is how to make the horse stop walking and stand. It, too, is easy.

第一件你需要知道的事情就是如何让马停止慢步并且站着不动.这,非常简单.

 

 

Sit deep in the saddle, stop the motion of your hips, press both calves into his sides a little, and squeeze back on the reins. Add a ‘whoa’ if you need it.

深深地坐到鞍子里,臀部停止运动，小腿轻微压马体两侧，同时向后压缰。如果需要你可以用嘴发出“喔”的声音。

 

 

And here’s how to accomplish all that.

以下是全过程.

 

 

Make the decision to halt, and decide where. As you get there, stiffen your lower back slightly so your hips stop following the horse. He will feel the resistance and slow down. Now pull back on the reins toward your hips and absolutely no higher than your waist. If you find you cannot get any ‘tug’ without raising your hands higher or pulling them behind yourself or leaning back, your reins are way too long. Shorten them and try again.

决定让马立定，并选好位置。当你到达那里的时候，微微绷紧背的下部，这样你的臀部会停止跟随马的运动。马会感觉到阻力并慢下来，这时，向你的臀部方向往后拉缰，手一定要低于腰部。如果你觉得不抬高手或不把缰拉到身后或者身子不往后倾，你就拉不住马，那么就是你的缰太长了。把缰收短一点，然后再试一次。

 

 

ESSENTIAL NOTE: Pulling upward on the reins can be very dangerous. The bit will hurt the roof of the horse’s mouth and to avoid the pain, he may do the only thing that makes sense to him: try to rise above what’s hurting him. In short, he may rear. While bucking is disconcerting and may cause a fall of the rider, a rear is dangerous. A horse has a hard time balancing on only his hind legs and may come over backwards on top of the rider. Experienced riders who feel the start of a rear for any reason (and it would be on a green horse—an untrained horse—rather than due to something they did with their hands) will fling their weight forward and kick the horse hard to bring his front feet back into contact with the ground. Beginners have neither the feel nor the tools for that. So the obvious solution is don’t even entertain the possibility. In other words, while you’re on a horse’s back, NEVER raise your hands higher than your waist.

要点：向上拉缰非常危险。衔铁会弄疼马嘴的上颚，为了避免疼痛，马可能会做的唯一一件对它有意义的事情：试图提高到弄疼它的物体上面，简单地说，它会立起来
  。然而，马弓背跃起是令人揪心的，骑手有可能摔下来，马立起来是危险的。马靠后肢来维持平衡非常艰难，并且有可能会翻过来压到骑手的上面。有经验的骑手感到马不管什么原因要立起来时，（有可能是骑着一匹没有经验的马－一匹没有调教好的马－而非取决于他们的手做了什么）会猛地把他们的重量往前靠，并重重地踢一下马，让它把前腿收回到地面。初学者既没有感觉又没有技能来做这些。所以明显的解决方法就是不要跟可能性开玩笑。换句话来说，当你在马背上的时候，手永远不要高于你的腰。

 

 

A good halt is harder to accomplish than a good transition to the walk because you must engage everything you do at the walk, but add resistance.

做好立定比从立定转换到慢步要困难, 因为你必须用上慢步时的所有辅助，另外还要加上一个阻力。

 

 

Beginners’ biggest mistake is usually in not using leg pressure to accomplish a halt. But taking the legs off the horse’s side makes the horse think you’re abandoning him. Your legs not only convey what you want the horse to do; they give him a significant source of mental support as well as physical encouragement. Some horses halted without ‘leg’ will fall apart, literally swing their hind ends around. It’s not dangerous, but it is uncomfortable and doesn’t look very nice, either. And it risks injury to the horse; the horse has abandoned being athletic, and he still does have a hundred extra pounds or more on his back to balance. He needs to keep his muscles engaged even when halting and standing.

初学者最大的错误通常在于完成立定的时候不会使用腿的辅助。反而双腿会离开马体的两侧让马觉得你是在放任它。你的双腿不仅传达给马你要它做什么;和有形的鼓励一样,同时还要成为给予马精神上支持的一种重要来源。有的马立定时缺少“腿辅助”会变得松散，四处摇摆它的后躯。这不危险，但是不舒服而且也不美观。并且这有伤害马的风险;马没有约束成为运动马，并且它确实还有一百磅甚至更多的重量在背上要来维持平衡。即使立定和站着的时候它也需要使用它的肌肉。

 

 

选自:《Horseback Riding 101》Laura McBride

翻译:  Ann Shen

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-10-18 9:03:08编辑过]

h4v6sY

收藏了,

h4v6sY

真好，请继续．谢谢！

h4v6sY

这样的贴一定要顶的

[em01][em01] h4v6sY

再顶,能否也翻译一下HALF HALT

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QUOTE:

以下是引用铁手飞在2007-10-16 10:11:34的发言：

这样的贴一定要顶的

[em01][em01]

谢谢!!!

h4v6sY

QUOTE:

以下是引用JOSE在2007-10-16 10:22:07的发言：

再顶,能否也翻译一下HALF HALT

谢谢!

关于HALF HALT(半减却), 不着急的话,两周之后吧

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The halt 立定

In the hate in its correct form the horse should be standing absolutely still, square, on the bit and straight.

立定的正确形式马应该站着完全不动，站正，保持受衔以及站直。

 

•The young horse, however, must first learn to stop and to stand calmly; the other criteria are initially disregarded.

Remenber: Standing still is practised first; after that, work towards achieving the halt in its correct form.

•然而，年轻马必须先学会停下来并安静地站着；其它标准最初不做考虑。

记住:先练习站着不动,之后,训练达到立定的正确形式.

•You should teach a young horse the halt in hand to start with. Lead him on the left rein on the track, ask him to stand with a soft pull on the rein and a simultaneous voice aid, for example ‘Staaand! Then ask him with an encouraging ‘walk on!’ to walk on again, and repeat this several times. It is less important which commands you use, as long as you always use the same words in the same tone of the voice. Your horse will soon respond to the voice aid alone. Insist patiently but consistently that on your command he stands perfectly still, and praise him when he does.

•开始你应该在平地上教年轻马如何立定。用左侧缰绳牵它在路线上走，要它停止的时候轻微地拉一下缰，同时给一个声音辅助。比如‘站住！’然后用鼓励的语气要求它’继续走’ 来继续慢步，这样重复几次。你用什么指令并不重要，只要你一直使用相同的指令，相同的语调。你的马很快会单单对声音辅助做出反应。耐心并持续地坚持,直到你的马听到你的指令能完美地站着不动，当它做到这一点的时侯奖励它。

 

•For horses that become unruly when being led, a special ‘chain leader’ is recommended. It has a small chain which you put over the bridge of the nose and thus any pressure is put on this rather than on the horse’s mouth.

对于那些牵马时不好控制的马,推荐使用一种特别的‘链条牵马绳’.它上面有条小链条,你把它围绕马的鼻梁戴,这样受力部位在马的鼻梁而不是它的嘴.

 

 

•In the work on the lunge you should also make sure that the horse responds to the same voice aid and stands absolutely still. Only then should you approach him and change the rein.

打圈的时候你要保证马接受相同的声音辅助并且站着完全不动.只有在马站着不动的时候你才可以靠近它,然后把缰换到另一边.

 

•Mounting provides another good opportunity to practise the halt. Your horse must learn to stand still obediently whilst you get on, take up the reins and put your right foot in the stirrup, and if necessary adjust your stirrup leathers. He must not move off until you have given him the aids to do so. Try to be absolutely consistent in this matter, too. It is not only make it easier to teach the correct halt later on, but it might also be helpful in avoiding potentially dangerous situations.

上马提供了另一个练习立定的好机会.当你上马,收起缰以及右脚踩到马镫上,如果需要调一下马镫带的长度的时候,你的马必须学会顺从地站着不动.它不能走动,直到你给它辅助去这么做.尝试完全一贯地来做这件事情.这不仅把之后教授正确的立定变得简单,并且或许对避免潜在的危险形势有所帮助.

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•Obedience training should not be limited to schooling under saddle. It should begin in the stable, for example when grooming and hosing the legs. It is not that difficult to train your horse so that eventfully he will stand still without being tied up.

•服从性训练不应该只限制于带鞍训练.应当从马房开始,例如打理马以及给马冲腿的时候.调教你的马并没有那么困难,因此经历种种之后,不拴着它,它也会站着不动.

 

•When riding, using every opportunity during the walk intervals to halt the horse quietly and to get him used to it, even on a long rein.

•骑马的时候,利用每个慢步休息的机会来让马安静地立定,并且让它习惯于这样,即使在长缰骑乘的时候.

 

•Only when this is going well should you start to teach him the correct form of the halt: on the bit, square, and straight. If he is not standing square, for instance if his right hind leg is trailing, you should ask him with your right leg to make it step under; but do not give too strong an aid, otherwise the other hind leg will be left behind. Restrain him from stepping forwards with both hands. However, at this stage do not take accuracy too far - a little lassitude is tolerated even in a test.

•只有当这进展顺利的时候,你才应该开始教它立定的正确形式:受衔,站正,并且站直.如果它没有站正.打个比方说它的右后腿拖曳,你应该用你的右腿来要求它踏进;但是辅助不要给的太强,否则另一条后腿会落后.用双手抑制它不往前走.然而,在这个过程中不要要求过于精确-即使在比赛中,小小的懒散也是可以容忍的.

 

•If your horse’s halt is not straight, you should repeat the downward transition to halt, making sure that you are keeping him well between your legs and maybe putting him into a slight shoulder-fore position.

如果你的马立定站的不直,你应该重复向下的变换到立定,确保马在你的两腿之间一直保持良好并且或许能将它推向轻微肩向前的姿势.

 

•Check your horse’s halt in a mirror or ask somebody on the ground to check it for you. If you keep turning round to check yourself, you will make the horse restless.

在镜子前检查你的马的立定或者让某人站在一边为你检查。如果你一直转过身去自己检查，会让马感到不安。

 

•If you are practising for a competition, it is advisable to ride further than the required point for halt, otherwise your horse will strat to anticipate the downward transitions and stop on his own initiative.

如果你为了比赛而训练，在离要求立定的点较远的地方停下来是明智的，否则你的马会过早地开始向下变换并自己率先停下来。

 

•If a transition from canter to halt is asked for, it is better to ride the transition through a few strides of trot and to allow the horse’s hind legs to step smoothly under his body, rather than to put him onto his forehand. This will also make it easier to achieve a square halt.

•如果要求从跑步做变换到立定，最好变换的时候做几步快步，让马的后肢流畅地向体下踏进，而不是把马推向它的前肢。这样做也会让立定站正变得简单。

 

•A last tip for the upward transition halt to trot: in your training, teach the horse to move off straight into trot, using plenty of impulsion. Down the centre line you can move at a slightly more forward pace to prevent the horse wandering or being crooked.

立定向上变换到快步的最后一项指导：训练的时候，教你的马充满动力地向前走直线进行快步。走中线的时候，你可以以稍微往前的步态前行来预防马匹步伐随意或身体弯曲。

选自《Dressage Tips And Training Solutions》

感谢Sam提供资料

翻译:Ann Shen

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