英文翻译：最易被忽视的营养物质——水

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The most important nutrient, water, is also the most neglected.

Horse owners worry about protein, carbohydrates and energy, but few think about the water.

A horse can live several weeks without food, but will die in five to six days without water.

Every organ in the body needs water. The digestive system requires it to dissolve nutrients and help move feed hrough the intestinal tract. It is needed to carry waste products out of the body. Water aids metabolism and regulates body temperature. It helps send electrical messages between cells so muscles will move, eyes will see, ears will hear and the brain will function. Water is needed to lubricate the joints and maintain healthy skin.

The amount of water needed by the horse varies with circumstances. Temperature, humidity, type of forage, age, over-all health, and activity level play a big part in water requirements.

A healthy horse at rest, in a cool environment with low humidity, eating lush green grass, and not producing milk may only have a requirement of one-half gallon per one hundred pounds of body weight per day. This means a horse weighing 1,000 pounds may only need 5 gallons of water in a 24-hour period.

The performance horse or lactating broodmare may have a requirement of more than one and a half gallons per hundred pounds of body weight per day. These horses need to replace the fluids being lost through exertion and milk production. This 1,000 pound horse may need 15 gallons or more per day.

Due to the wide range of water requirements and the importance of water to the digestive system, fresh clean water must be freely accessible. Even a horse that has been working and is very hot should have access to water in a managed form. Allowing a hot horse to have several swallows every five minutes while cooling out is recommended.

Water consumption directly affects feed intake. If a horse is deficient in water he will decrease the amount of feed he eats.

Water is needed for digestion. Lack of water is one of the main causes of impaction colic. The feed in the digestive tract becomes dry and will not move through properly, resulting in a blockage and colic.

The quality of water is very important. If the horse has access to water, but he will not drink it or it is contaminated, then severe health problems can occur.

Water sources come in many forms; public water supplies, wells, ponds, streams, and run-off.

Water from a public supplier is probably the safest as the system will have filtration, purification, and testing procedures are regulated and continuing. As long as there is not a breech in the line and the delivery system within the barn is clean, the water should be safe for consumption.

Water from a well should be tested. The health department or local agricultural extension agency can test water for bacteria, minerals, and pH levels. These tests should be conducted annually.

Ponds, streams, and water from run-off should not be used as the sole source of drinking water. Fertilizers, herbicides, insecticides, bacteria, and other forms of contaminants can be present. The water supply can dry up or become stagnant. Blue-green algae growth in a pond can cause a type of poisoning which may result in the death of the horse.

You can lead a horse to water... he will drink if it is clean, fresh and needed.

很多马儿的主人会关注蛋白质、碳水化合物和能量的摄入，却鲜有人注意到水。

在没有食物供给的情况下马屁能生存数周，如果没有水，它五六天后肯定面临死亡的结局。

体内任何器官都是需要水的。消化系统需要将营养物质溶解才能输送，需要将代谢废物溶解才能排出体外。水还能通过新陈代谢来控制体温，水能够协助传递电信号于细胞和肌肉之间，于是肌肉就运动了：眼睛于是能看，耳朵于是能听，大脑于是能够活动。水还能润滑关节腔隙润泽皮肤。

身体对水分的需求依据很多因素而变化：体温、环境湿度、草料的种类、年龄、健康状况，甚至活动量都会影响到水底需求。

健康的马在静息状态，低湿度与低气温，饲料为新鲜青草而且不需要哺乳小马，那么马匹每天大约每百磅体重需要一个半加仑的水。这意味着一匹1000磅的马24小时内需要5加仑的水。

运动的马与哺乳期的母马每天都水摄入量会更大，每天会超过一点五加仑。这些水用来补充身体丢失的水份和哺乳的奶液，所以，它们的摄入量为每天每百磅15加仑。

消化系统的水的摄入量是在不停波动的，纯净的水是必须的。我们推荐体温高的马匹每隔五分钟就饮水。

水的摄入直接影响到食欲，如果马匹的水摄入量减少，那么它的食欲也会下降的。

水是必须的，水的丢失是临床上导致疝气的主要原因。消化道的干燥、闭锁都与水分的减少有关。

水的质量也很重要，如果饮用水受到污染会导致严重的健康问题。

水源可以是多种形式的，例如公共供水系统，井水，池塘水，溪水，只要是流水都是可以选择的。