请教Khyuan兄

khyuan兄，您好，

听Sam说您是base在台湾，而我刚好base在与台湾气候十分接近的深圳－炎热且潮湿，我有一匹马患了Anhydrosis(unable to sweat) 或称“干皮”，已有数年，其症状为：静止和运动时几乎不出汉且呼吸速度很快，症状程度与气温和湿度成正比。您的马有类似症状吗？您知道或听说过什么治疗方法吗？

谢谢！

马疯

h4v6sY

You don't know who I am; but you can try this method, is work!

Use the Head and Shoulder shampoo to bathe the horse every two or three days one time, and scrubing the horse two times a day. You can see the

improvement about two weeks later. Try it!

h4v6sY

无汗症, 应补充电解质,  EQUISTRO 易快素的 ELYTAAN

是不错的选择。

 

建议问问地理环境更接近些的广东专业队相关人员, 它们如何处理?

或有广东专业队网友提供意见参考。

h4v6sY

无汗症,俗称"干皮".成因和人类的头皮过多相似.因头表皮的油滋不足,做成死皮增加和脱落.不同的是人类因头发疏少,死皮容易脱离主体丢落,变成头屑,而马匹因皮毛细密,死皮不易丢落体外而相反屯积在表皮之上,日久变成遮盍毛汗孔,做成排汗困难,马匹无法正常散热,自然体温升高而引发其它问题.而针对头屑的冼发水,其主功能是激发表皮的油滋分泌,减少死皮形成,这用在马匹的干皮症上,是同一道理.而在治疗期间,需早晚擦毛,是加快屯积的死皮脱落,让毛汗孔早日畅通.

以前我用这方法已根治了数个病例,你可一试.

马匹可不需每天冲凉,但擦毛是每天必做的事!

h4v6sY

very much appreciate the kind advices of you both Bee-kid and 龍的傳人. Bee_kid's approach seems easy to follow. I'll experiment your method immediately. Many thanks.  h4v6sY

说到马表皮掉皮屑，我骑的一匹马也是，除了每天刷，还给它补充色拉油，几天后它的表皮毛色就光滑油亮了许多，皮屑也减少了。是不是在饲料里添加少量油也管用的。 h4v6sY

馬瘋兄好

對於馬的疾病小弟所知極為有限

以我的馬場為例，積極的做法是：

注重廄舍、飲水、飼料的清潔

改善廄舍的通風設施，注意馬匹的飲食、排泄狀況

曾有過一匹馬在夏季時得過皮膚病，其在臀部、腿部有癬，以鐵刮刮時會有皮屑脫落

當時的做法是每天刷馬並以鐵刮刮除皮屑，再用一種〝衛格〞藥水擦拭

經月餘後及癒，但隔年夏季仍會復發，是否與馬匹體質有關則不得而知了

樓上幾位馬友的建議，馬瘋兄可以試試！

若有效果希望能再次發貼說明以嘉惠馬友

h4v6sY

QUOTE:

以下是引用广州马场在2006-7-17 13:33:40的发言：
用酱油，马没事的时候舔两下还发出阵阵香味。

致廣州馬場兄

對於您的個人回貼風格，我不於置評。

有關您對於馬術技巧、騎乘技術、騎馬活動等貼子的嘻笑怒罵式的回貼

個人亦覺得無傷大雅，信者信之，不信者笑之！

唯對於攸關馬匹福祉、醫病的貼子，個人認為廣州馬場兄不應以玩笑對應

若因此誤導而不幸造成馬匹傷害，廣州馬場兄於心何忍

望廣州馬場兄自重

h4v6sY

Khyuan兄好,

感谢Khyuan兄不奢赐教。

弟近日遍访各国兽医网站，收获甚微。但有如下心得供各位参考：

1。干皮之病于各国甚为普遍。以育马大国美国为例，部分潮热地区之马匹受此疾患困扰者，竟达十之有二！

2。人类对此疾病之机理认识仍十分有限，尚无为马界所普遍接受之良方；不过，正如本帖几位仁兄所言，增加进食电解质、清洁环境、勤于梳理毛发、物理降温等，乃最为普遍之共识。另外，中外专家皆有所谓“偏方”，多以草药为本，功效如何则难以判断。

我拟综合各位仁兄之高见，立即着手治疗，待见任何收效，再向各位报告。

以下文字节选于国外网站关于干皮病的文章，供有兴趣的马友参考：

ANHIDROSIS Some horses suffer from a sweating disorder called anhidrosis which literally means without sweat. Horses subject to tenuous activity in hot climates sometimes develop this problem. Usually the sweating reflex automatically goes into action during hot weather or exertion, but in hot, humid weather there may not be much difference between the air temperature and the horse's body temperature. Sweat doesn't evaporate properly and the horse's cooling system is therefore unable to bring his body temperature down. After sweating profusely for a time, the horse may quit sweating.

This condition was first discovered in British Thoroughbreds taken to tropical countries for racing, polo and cavalry. It is a problem for horses in tropical countries and in some areas of the U. S (particularly Gulf Coast states). Anhidrosis is not restricted to these areas, however; cases have been reported as far north as Minnesota and Michigan, and in arid climates like Arizona and California. It has been estimated that 20 to 30 percent of horses in hot, humid regions suffer from some degree of anhidrosis. Even horses that grow up in these hot areas can lose ability to sweat, though the problem is most common in horses brought from other regions. Anhidrosis usually develops during the hottest part of the year, and may come on quickly or develop gradually over several weeks; the problem then continues until cooler weather of Fall.

A mild case may go unnoticed at first. The horse may sweat some, but not enough to adequately cool himself. A rider or trainer might notice that the horse's performance suffers as the weather gets hotter and more humid. The horse's sweating may be patchy, with moisture only on a few parts of his body.

The shut-down of sweat glands is due to various stresses, particularly heat and humidity. The sweat glands quit responding to stimuli for awhile, then when the weather cools off, they start working again. If a horse has to sweat continually to cool himself, as during a hot humid summer or when confined to a hot, stuffy stall, his sweat glands work overtime and eventually shut down. The horse becomes dry-skinned, pants with mouth open, and has an elevated temperature (103 degrees or higher). He may have a few patches of sweat behind his ears, under his mane, at the elbows and flanks, but no moisture over his body. Other signs of anhidrosis are dry flaky skin and hair falling out, especially around the eyes. The dry coat and hair loss can result when oils from the sebaceous glands are no longer taken to the skin surface by sweat. The dry skin may become itchy.

Prolonged inability to sweat can prove fatal; the horse is at risk for heat stroke and other problems. If discovered early, however this condition can be reversed by cooling the horse and giving his body's cooling system a break. The horse should be bathed with cool water from a garden hose or sprayed with a fine mist of cool water to bring his temperature back down to normal. Then his temperature should be kept low enough he doesn't need to sweat. He must stay out of the sun, but not in a hot, humid stall. Use of a portable fan may be adequate to stabilize his body temperature until his sweating reflex can recover. If anhidrosis is treated as soon as it occurs and the horse has not suffered this problem before, his sweating ability may recover in a few days. But if the problem is longstanding, he may need help for several weeks to maintain proper body temperature while he recovers. Misting fans can be helpful, for they can lower stall temperature by as much as 15 degrees. The horse will not be able to exert in hot weather until he recovers. Some horses do not regain their sweating ability and must be moved to a cooler climate.

A survey of four central Florida Thoroughbred breeding farms, conducted by the University of Florida a few years ago to determine the extent of anhidrosis in that region, found that 25 percent of the 91 horses in training suffered from this condition to some degree. Of the 74 non-pregnant mares, 15 percent were anhidrotic, but only four percent of the 217 pregnant mares. The young animals (401 foals or youngsters that had not yet begun training) were less affected, with only two percent suffering from anhydrosis. The young horses were probably least at risk because of their smaller body mass (more efficiency in getting rid of body heat) and not being in training where they had to exert in the heat. Horses doing their training in the early mornings before sunup tend to suffer less than horses having to exert when the day is hotter.

h4v6sY

受益良多！ h4v6sY

就楼上那位cpng网友提问过马匹的正常体温是多少?因原本的标题板内,找不到回帖的空位,所以暂借这里回复,若引起各位不便,请见谅!

回复如下:

马匹的正常体温约在37.5度,而心跳正常约为85下/分.大约比人类高出1度体温和10下心跳.

h4v6sY

QUOTE:

以下是引用马疯在2006-7-17 19:04:53的发言：

Khyuan兄好,

感谢Khyuan兄不奢赐教。

弟近日遍访各国兽医网站，收获甚微。但有如下心得供各位参考：

1。干皮之病于各国甚为普遍。以育马大国美国为例，部分潮热地区之马匹受此疾患困扰者，竟达十之有二！

2。人类对此疾病之机理认识仍十分有限，尚无为马界所普遍接受之良方；不过，正如本帖几位仁兄所言，增加进食电解质、清洁环境、勤于梳理毛发、物理降温等，乃最为普遍之共识。另外，中外专家皆有所谓“偏方”，多以草药为本，功效如何则难以判断。

我拟综合各位仁兄之高见，立即着手治疗，待见任何收效，再向各位报告。

以下文字节选于国外网站关于干皮病的文章，供有兴趣的马友参考：

ANHIDROSIS Some horses suffer from a sweating disorder called anhidrosis which literally means without sweat. Horses subject to tenuous activity in hot climates sometimes develop this problem. Usually the sweating reflex automatically goes into action during hot weather or exertion, but in hot, humid weather there may not be much difference between the air temperature and the horse's body temperature. Sweat doesn't evaporate properly and the horse's cooling system is therefore unable to bring his body temperature down. After sweating profusely for a time, the horse may quit sweating.

This condition was first discovered in British Thoroughbreds taken to tropical countries for racing, polo and cavalry. It is a problem for horses in tropical countries and in some areas of the U. S (particularly Gulf Coast states). Anhidrosis is not restricted to these areas, however; cases have been reported as far north as Minnesota and Michigan, and in arid climates like Arizona and California. It has been estimated that 20 to 30 percent of horses in hot, humid regions suffer from some degree of anhidrosis. Even horses that grow up in these hot areas can lose ability to sweat, though the problem is most common in horses brought from other regions. Anhidrosis usually develops during the hottest part of the year, and may come on quickly or develop gradually over several weeks; the problem then continues until cooler weather of Fall.

A mild case may go unnoticed at first. The horse may sweat some, but not enough to adequately cool himself. A rider or trainer might notice that the horse's performance suffers as the weather gets hotter and more humid. The horse's sweating may be patchy, with moisture only on a few parts of his body.

The shut-down of sweat glands is due to various stresses, particularly heat and humidity. The sweat glands quit responding to stimuli for awhile, then when the weather cools off, they start working again. If a horse has to sweat continually to cool himself, as during a hot humid summer or when confined to a hot, stuffy stall, his sweat glands work overtime and eventually shut down. The horse becomes dry-skinned, pants with mouth open, and has an elevated temperature (103 degrees or higher). He may have a few patches of sweat behind his ears, under his mane, at the elbows and flanks, but no moisture over his body. Other signs of anhidrosis are dry flaky skin and hair falling out, especially around the eyes. The dry coat and hair loss can result when oils from the sebaceous glands are no longer taken to the skin surface by sweat. The dry skin may become itchy.

Prolonged inability to sweat can prove fatal; the horse is at risk for heat stroke and other problems. If discovered early, however this condition can be reversed by cooling the horse and giving his body's cooling system a break. The horse should be bathed with cool water from a garden hose or sprayed with a fine mist of cool water to bring his temperature back down to normal. Then his temperature should be kept low enough he doesn't need to sweat. He must stay out of the sun, but not in a hot, humid stall. Use of a portable fan may be adequate to stabilize his body temperature until his sweating reflex can recover. If anhidrosis is treated as soon as it occurs and the horse has not suffered this problem before, his sweating ability may recover in a few days. But if the problem is longstanding, he may need help for several weeks to maintain proper body temperature while he recovers. Misting fans can be helpful, for they can lower stall temperature by as much as 15 degrees. The horse will not be able to exert in hot weather until he recovers. Some horses do not regain their sweating ability and must be moved to a cooler climate.

A survey of four central Florida Thoroughbred breeding farms, conducted by the University of Florida a few years ago to determine the extent of anhidrosis in that region, found that 25 percent of the 91 horses in training suffered from this condition to some degree. Of the 74 non-pregnant mares, 15 percent were anhidrotic, but only four percent of the 217 pregnant mares. The young animals (401 foals or youngsters that had not yet begun training) were less affected, with only two percent suffering from anhydrosis. The young horses were probably least at risk because of their smaller body mass (more efficiency in getting rid of body heat) and not being in training where they had to exert in the heat. Horses doing their training in the early mornings before sunup tend to suffer less than horses having to exert when the day is hotter.

謝謝馬瘋兄指教

大家都是從實例中吸收經驗

只要是對馬有幫助的，相信馬友們都會熱情提供所知

且讓大家互相學習

预祝马匹早日恢复健康。

以下是節錄自外國的一個馬網的有關馬的體溫、心跳及呼吸的資料。

Temperature

• How to measure

The best way to take the horse's temperature is rectally. Keep a plastic digital thermometer in your medical kit. They are safe, easy to use, inexpensive and available at most pharmacies. It's operated by then pressing a button to turn it on. Simply lubricate with petroleum jelly and insert the thermometer into the horse's rectum.

It may take one to three minutes for an accurate reading, although many digital thermometers take readings quickly and beep when they are done. Simply read the digital display for the horse's temperature.

(Editors note: So you don't lose the thermometer in your horse, put yarn and an alligator clip on the handle end. When the thermometer is inserted, fasten the alligator clip to tail hairs, thus securing it!)

• Understanding the information

Normal body temperature runs 99.8-101.3 F, but environmental factors can affect the readings.

Horses tend to have higher temperatures in warm weather. Exercise, stress or excitement will raise temperature as well.

This is why it's important to take your horse's temperature many times and in many different situations so you will know what the norm is.

Temperatures over 102 are usually related to some type of disease. Bacterial infections, such as respiratory colds and infected cuts usually generate temperatures in the 102.5-103.5 range.

Viral infections cause either early subnormal temperatures (similar to chills one feels with a viral cold) to very elevated temperatures, 104.5-105.5.

Occasionally, infections will cause biphasic fevers that show a normal temperature in the morning, but will spike a high temperature in the afternoon. When you are concerned about possible illness, record the horse's temperature twice a day and look for patterns and changes.

The Pulse

• How to measure

The pulse in the horse can be taken from an area under the jaw, from beneath the tail at its bone, or from an area on the side of the horse's foot. (If you can't find the pulse, your veterinarian will be happy to show you.) Simply placing your hand on the left side of your horse's chest under the elbow will allow you to feel the beat of the heart.

Since most horses will not stand still enough to count heartbeats for a full minute, count for 15 seconds and multiply by four.

• Understanding the information

The pulse measures the rate and strength of the heartbeat. A normal resting horse has a heart rate of 38-40 beats per minute.

Maximum heart rates can exceed 180 beats per minute, but a rate above 80 should be considered serious in most non-exercising horses. Heart rates that stay above 60 in a horse that is calm can be a sign of trouble.

Exercise, stress, fear, pain and excitement will elevate the horse's heart rate. Infection will cause an increased rate as will traumatic cuts, kicks, fractures and so forth.

The most common cause of elevated heart rate is colic or intestinal pain. Such pain can cause mild to severe elevations, and the degree of increase can be a sign of the severity of the colic pain.

The intensity or force of the pulse is sometimes an indicator of other problems in the horse. A weak or soft pulse means the heart is not pumping forcefully and may indicate heart disease.

A hard, forceful pulse can be felt in a horse that has been exercising and is pumping a lot of blood to carry oxygen to working muscles.

This forceful pulse can also be felt as a reaction by the body to some drugs, toxins or some disease conditions. Knowing your horse's normal heart rate and pulse quality allows you to make comparisons in order to evaluate situations and judge your horse's response.

Textbooks on conditioning the sport horse will also make mention of the rate of return, after exercise, to a normal heart rate. This statistic is the single most effective indicator of fitness in horses. Being able to simply take your horse's heart rate allows you to evaluate and monitor training and fitness in your equine athlete.

Respiration

• How to measure

The horse should spend roughly equal time breathing in and breathing out. Respiration can be counted by watching the horse's nostrils, watching the horse's torso at the end of the rib cage, or by listening to the trachea (windpipe, in he neck).

The medical term, auscultation, (literally translated "putting an ear to the part) is what the veterinarian does when listening to your horse's body with a stethoscope. You can put an ear on your horse's neck and hear the air moving through the windpipe or lungs. (Do this only on a calm horse, exercising special caution if your horse is sick and, perhaps, less tolerant.)

As with the heart rate, count for 15 seconds and multiply by four.

• Understanding the information

A normal horse at rest breathes eight to 10 times per minute.

High respiratory rates indicate pain, excitement, elevated temperature (which you can now check and confirm) and a wide variety of possible infections.

Thick mucous in the windpipe from a head cold will increase respiration and make it harder for your horse to breathe in -- just as when you have a stuffy nose. Allergies and heaves make it hard for horses to breathe out, which can be easily heard.

If you learn how to measure the T.P.R. of your horse and become accustomed to its normal gum color and gut sounds, you will have a better idea of its basic health status.

Much more importantly, you will more likely be aware when something is not normal and will seek early help from your veterinarian.

By being able to tell your veterinarian these simple but crucial parameters during an emergency (often when you have to give information over the phone), you will get more accurate and appropriate treatment for your horse.

 

以下是其內容的重點：

體溫

• 正常的體溫是在99.8-101.3F(37.7-38.5C)之間，但環境、緊張及運動後會令體溫略高，因此量體溫要分多次進行，務求取得真實的數據。
• 若體溫在102F(38.9C)以上 ，反影馬有某方面的不正常，例 如:
• 在102.5-103.5F(39.2-39.7C)之間，馬可能是受了細菌感染，例如傷風、感冒或傷口發炎。
• 104.5-105.5F(40.3-40.8C)之間，就可能是有濾過性病毒感染。

心跳

• 馬在休息狀態下，其心跳是每分鐘30-40次。
• 馬的最高心跳可以超過每分鐘180次，但不是在運動的馬，其心跳每分鐘在80次以上，可被視為嚴重。若在平靜的狀態下，馬的心跳持續每分鐘在60次以上時，即反影馬某方面有問題出現，例如：腹部絞痛等。

呼吸

• 正常的馬，在靜止狀態下，其呼吸是每分鐘8-10次。

 

另外，在"完全實用馬術- 宋繼忠編著，p149"，對體溫(T)、心跳(P)及呼吸(R)也有敘述。

 

因TPR, 是重要的生命表征，對日常觀察馬的健康至關重要，所以有必要把它說得清楚、明白。請bee_kid不要見怪！

[此贴子已经被作者于2006-7-19 5:28:18编辑过]

多谢楼上大哥的赐教,但有关我之前提供的资料,都是亲身替马匹检查时,得出的资料,并无核意误导的成份.

不要這麼客氣！我也只是紙上談兵，外行充內行罷了。有任何衝撞之處，請見諒。

楼上的大哥太客气,其实我以前也有阅读过一些有关马匹管理和调教的书藉,从中获益不少,但在游阅这里的板页时,发觉各位大哥在这方面的认识已非常丰富,所以在参与回帖时,便想说一些以前从管理马场时所得的亲身经历和一些土方法,若当中有些资料和道理不对,谨请各位大哥提点,修正.让小弟能从中多学习,在此先向各位大哥谢过!