[转帖]國際馬聯馬場馬術規則﹝12﹞馬術動作標準─側方運動

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Article 412: The Lateral Movements

第412條：側方運動

1. The main aim of lateral movements is to develop and increase the engagement of the quarters and thereby also the collection.

1. 側方運動的主要目的，是發展和增強後軀的深踏，因而也就是加強收縮。

2. In all lateral movements shoulder-in, travers, renvers, half-pass, the horse is slightly bent and moves with the forehand on different tracks.

2. 在肩內、腰內、腰外和斜橫步各種側方運動中，馬的前軀是輕微的朝不同的方向曲繞。

3. The bend or flexion must never be exaggerated so that it impairs the balance and fluency of the movement.

3. 曲繞和彎曲絕不可做得過分，以免損害動作的平衡和流暢。

4. At the lateral movements the pace should remain free and regular, maintaining a constant impulsion, yet it must be supple, cadenced and balanced. The impulsion is often lost, because of the rider's preoccupation with bending the horse and pushing him sideways.

4. 在側方運動時，仍然要保持步伐自由與規律，始終保持前進氣勢，而且要柔韌靈活、富有節奏、平衡良好。由於騎手全神貫注在使馬曲繞和向側方推進，常常使前進氣勢喪失。

5. Shoulder in. This exercise is performed in collected trot. The horse is ridden with a slight but uniform bend around the inside leg of the rider maintaining cadence at a constant angle of approx. 30 degrees. The horse's inside foreleg passes and crosses in front of the outside foreleg; the inside hind leg steps forward under the horse's body weight following the same track of the outside foreleg, with the lowering of the inside hip. The horse is bent away from the direction from which it is moving.

5. 肩內　這個動作是以縮短快步執行的。馬體圍繞騎手的內方腳稍微且均勻的彎曲，馬體穩定的保持大約30度角，維持節奏。馬的內方前肢在外方前肢前方交叉越過；內方後肢往前踏在馬的身體下方，與外方前肢在同一個軌跡上前方，內方腰角降低。馬體朝興行進的反方向曲繞。

6. Travers. This exercise can be performed in collected trot or collected canter. The horse is slightly bent round the inside leg of the rider but with a greater degree of bend than in shoulder-in. A constant angle of approximately 35 degrees should be shown, from the front and from behind one sees four tracks. The forehand remains on the track and the quarters are moved inwards. The horse's outside legs pass and cross in front of the inside legs. The horse is bent in the direction in which he is moving. To start the travers, the quarters must leave the track or, after a corner or circle, are not brought back onto the track. At the end of the travers, the quarters are brought back on the track without any counter-flexion of the poll/neck as in finishing a circle.

6. 腰內　這個動作可以縮短快步或所短跑步執行。馬體圍繞騎手的內方腳輕微彎曲，但比肩內的彎曲程度還大。馬的身體呈現穩定的大約35度角，從前面或後面可看到四蹄跡。馬的前驅維持在蹄跡線上，後驅往內偏移。馬的外方肢從內方肢前面交叉越過，馬體牠朝行進的方向彎曲。要開始執行腰內時，馬的後驅要離開蹄跡線，或是在經過隅角或圈乘之後其後驅不回到蹄跡線，馬的項部與頸部在結束圈乘時也不向反方向彎曲。

7. Renvers. Renvers is the inverse movement in relation to travers. The hindquarters remain on the track while the forehand is moved inward. To finish the renvers the forehand is aligned with the quarters on the track. Otherwise, the same principles and conditions that apply to the travers are applicable to the renvers.
The horse is slightly bent around the inside leg of the rider. The horse's outside legs pass and cross in front of the inside legs. The horse is bent in the direction in which he is moving.

7. 腰外　這是與腰向內完全相反的動作。馬的前驅向內偏移，而後驅留在蹄跡線上。結束時前驅回到蹄跡線上。除此之外，腰外其他方面的要求與腰內的原則和情況相同。
馬體圍繞騎手的內方腳輕微彎曲，馬的外方肢從內方肢前面交叉越過，馬體牠朝行進的方向彎曲。

8. Half pass. Half-pass is a variation of travers, executed on a diagonal line instead of along the wall. It can be performed in collected trot or collected canter. The horse should be slightly bent in the direction in which it is moving and bent around the inside leg of the rider. The horse should maintain the same cadence throughout the whole movement. In order to give more freedom and mobility to the shoulders it is of great importance that the impulsion be maintained, especially the engagement of the inside hind leg. The horse's body is nearly parallel to the long side of the arena with the forehand slightly in advance of the hindquarters.
In the trot, the outside legs pass and cross in front of the inside legs. In the canter, the movement is performed in a series of forward sideways elevated strides.

8. 斜橫步　斜橫步是腰內的變相動作，要在對角線上做，而不是沿著牆邊做。可以用縮短快步或是縮短跑步執行。馬體稍稍的往行進的方向彎曲，圍繞騎手的內方腳。在做斜橫步期間，馬應保持節奏不變。為了使肩部更自由更靈活，維持前進氣勢是非常重要的，特別是內方後肢的深踏。馬體近乎與場地的長邊平行，只有前驅稍稍的在後驅之前。
在快步時，外方肢在內方肢前面交叉越過。在跑步時，是以一連串的向側方偏移的提高步伐執行的。

資料來源：馬術&馬

[转帖]國際馬聯馬場馬術規則﹝12﹞馬術動作標準─側方運動