安德森调马教学——给马养成良好的习惯

不要忽视马的一些小错误，否则会造成它养成不好的习惯。
Don't let minor faults become ingrained in your horse's mind--correct them from the get-go.



“克林顿，那些马做的不太对的小事到底有多重要？比如每次我去围栏牵他的时候他总是躲避。朋友说如果不管教他，马会慢慢养成坏习惯，最终很难进行改正。”
"Clinton, how important are the little things horses do that might not be perfectly right? For example, my horse turns away from me in his pen when I go to halter him. It doesn't bother me, but a friend says I shouldn't let my horse continue doing this or it will become a habit. Which one of us is right?"



对此，安德森又是怎么说的呢？

“你的朋友是正确的，无论马做的事情是对还是错，假如天天做，总有一天它会形成习惯。如果马总是把屁股给骑手，但骑手又不去改正，马会认为这是正确的；可如果骑手总是要求马服从自己，马就会认为这是正确的而一直服从。”
Your friend is correct. Whatever a horse practices, he gets good at. If he practices turning his rear end toward you, he gets good at that. If he practices being respectful and always turning to face you, he gets good at that.

俗话说的好“当马做了一件事，就好比在它的脑子里播下一颗种子；马又做了一遍，它开始变成习惯；当它第三次做，习惯变得根深蒂固。”
Here's a little saying I have on the matter: "When a horse does something once, it plants a seed in his mind. When he does it again, it starts to grow as a habit. When he does it a third time, the behavior starts to mature into an ingrained response."



坚持训练
Train All The Time

要想让马养成好的习惯，就要让马在和骑手在一起的每一分每一秒都保持服从。
To keep good habits developing in your horse, require some sort of obedience from him every time you're together.

当骑手牵引马时，确保马是很服从的，不能让马随意停止或向前急冲。如在给马备鞍卸鞍时马表现出紧张不安，就花费一段时间对马的这方面进行脱敏训练，让马学会备鞍卸鞍时懂得站立不动。
As you're leading him, insist that he follow obediently, without hanging back or dragging you forward. If he puts his head up when you're putting his blanket on or taking it off, pause a moment to desensitize him to the blanket and remind him to remain still.


▲图为安德森马场名马Foxy

马也是有思想的动物，在驯马时马其实也是一直在“思考”，它们在想“主银是认真的吗？我是不是可以偷下小懒了？”马也会通过一些小事来验证自己的观点。先是有点不服从指挥，在骑手给出命令后犹豫几秒再执行，一点一点地试探，观察骑手的表现。如果这时骑手不严格要求马，马就会真的开始捣乱了。
Your horse is constantly reading you in an effort to determine, "is he/she serious, or not?" he'll test you in small ways?push into your space, wait a heartbeat before responding to your request, attempt to "get an inch" here and there?then observe how you respond. if you don't correct him on these small cheats, he'll eventually pull a much larger one.

骑手可能会觉得马的行为出乎意料（out of the blue意为出乎意料），但事实上马其实已经“警告”过骑手好几次了，而骑手又没有在意它们。At that point, you might feel he's acting out of the blue. But, in reality, he's been telling you for some time, via those little cheats, that he's losing respect for you. Problem is, you haven't been listening?or correcting him.



如果想要马在骑手进入马房的时候面对着骑手而不是把屁股对着骑手，就应该从马小时候开始训练。



如果马在骑手进入马房时把屁股对着骑手，可以用牵引绳在马后肢乱晃，让马感觉到不舒服。



当马一想转身，立刻停止晃动牵引绳并向后退几步，就等于是释放马的压力并奖励马转过身来。






来源：马语狗说