安德森调马教学——三个中心驯马法

1、从根源改变马而不只是改变马行为。
Fix the cause, not the symptoms.

马的主要问题，如尥蹶子、起仰、咬人和刨地都不是真正的问题，只是一个“症状”。70-80%的问题均可以通过多做日常平地训练和得到马的尊重而解决。
The majority of horse "problems" (such as bucking, rearing, biting, and pawing) aren't really problems at all; they're really just symptoms of a cause. Seventy to eighty percent of all the problems you'll ever have to deal with as a horse owner will fix themselves if you do the ground work and earn your horse's respect.



不要过多地在意马那些不好的行为而不去管究竟是什么造成马的这些行为。就像杂草丛生的田野，你可以用除草机推掉这些杂草，但过几个周它们又都长出来了，这是因为它们的根系任然扎在地里，所以应该用除草剂杀死根系，这样杂草就能被真正除去。
Don't become so focused on your horse's undesirable behavior that they you can't see what's actually causing it. It's like a weed growing in the ground. You can chop it off with a weed whacker, but two weeks later, it'll grow right back, because the root system is still intact. To kill the weed, you need to pour weed killer on it to kill the root system. When you kill the roots, the weed will die.



驯马亦是一个道理。马的任何问题可能都是由于对骑手缺乏尊重、恐惧或其他特殊原因。
It's the same thing when training horses. Any problem that a horse could possibly have comes from either a lack of respect or fear, or in some cases, both.



2、训练时左右都要练
Train both sides of the horse.

同人类一样，马的大脑也分为左脑和右脑，但马的两侧大脑就像是两匹不同马的大脑，它们有不同的听觉、味觉、思维和反应。
Horses have two sides to their brains: the left brain and the right brain. Each side of your horse's brain is like a completely separate horse. Horses hear, smell, think and react differently on each side of their brain.



骑手对马的右边进行了什么训练，对左边也要重复完全一样的训练。因为马的左右脑分开工作，它懂得了怎样做右边的动作但并不能自己理解左边也是这样的，就比如在给马进行脱敏训练时要两侧都做。要想有一个平衡感好，反应灵敏的马就要把一匹马当两匹来训。
Whatever you do on one side of your horse, you have to do on the other. Just because you desensitize or sensitize your horse to pressure on one side of his body, it doesn't mean that he'll automatically understand what to do when you move to his other side. To have a well-balanced, responsive horse, you have to act like you own two separate horses.



3、平衡训练
Balance out your training.

平衡的训练马匹所以马的身体两侧都有相同的放松程度和柔韧性。每个小马都会有一个方向的平衡感差于另一个方向，这时我们就应该花费2/3的时间用在训练不好的方向上，1/3的时间用在较好的方向上。
To balance your horse so that both sides of his body are equally relaxed and responsive, spend two-thirds of your time working on his bad side (the side that's stiffer, pushier, angelscamp.org or more reactive), and one-third of your time working on his good side.



比如马的右侧非常敏感，就花2/3的时间对马的右侧进行脱敏训练；或马左侧脖子硬，就花2/3的时间练习马左侧脖子的柔韧性。
For instance, if your horse is spookier on his right side, then spend two-thirds of your time desensitizing that side of his body. Or, if he's really stiff when you ask him to flex his head and neck to the left, spend two-thirds of your time practicing the exercise on the left side of his body.



随着马训练时间的累积和年龄的增长，马两侧的性能会变得相同，这时无论骑手做什么，马都会变得安静、服从。
Eventually, both sides will even out, so that you'll have a calm, respectful horse, whether you're standing on his right side or left side.



在训练的期间由于时间分配不均，马两侧的好坏程度可能交替。当右边练得时间长变好的同时左边可能变得不好，反之亦然。
You'll find that your horse's good side and bad side will switch on and off. Once you have him desensitized well on the right side, he might be worse on his left side, and vice-versa. It's always going to be a bit of a balancing act.



最后：训练时一定要保持全部的耐心，即使马两侧的好坏程度不断交替。





来源：马语狗说